When an English Language Learner (ELL) struggles academically, it is essential for educators to identify the factors affecting their learning. Behaviors that may resemble signs of a disability need careful examination to rule out factors unrelated to the student's inherent abilities. Distinguishing between stages of language acquisition, cultural and linguistic diversity, learning gaps, and actual disabilities are complex challenging. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to examine and address external or systemic influences before making a referral.